Generic selectors
Exact matches only
Search in title
Search in content
Post Type Selectors
Search in posts
Search in pages
Filter by Categories
15th National Conference of the IAOMFP, Chennai, 2006
Abstract
Abstracts from current literature
Acne in India: Guidelines for management - IAA Consensus Document
Addendum
Announcement
Art & Psychiatry
Article
Articles
Association Activities
Association Notes
Award Article
Book Review
Brief Report
Case Analysis
Case Letter
Case Letters
Case Notes
Case Report
Case Reports
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
Clinical Article
Clinical Studies
Clinical Study
Commentary
Conference Oration
Conference Summary
Continuing Medical Education
Correspondence
Corrigendum
Cosmetic Dermatology
Cosmetology
Current Best Evidence
Current Issue
Current View
Derma Quest
Dermato Surgery
Dermatopathology
Dermatosurgery Specials
Dispensing Pearl
Do you know?
Drug Dialogues
e-IJDVL
Editor Speaks
Editorial
Editorial Remarks
Editorial Report
Editorial Report - 2007
Editorial report for 2004-2005
Errata
Erratum
Focus
Fourth All India Conference Programme
From Our Book Shelf
From the Desk of Chief Editor
General
Get Set for Net
Get set for the net
Guest Article
Guest Editorial
History
How I Manage?
IADVL Announcement
IADVL Announcements
IJDVL Awards
IJDVL AWARDS 2015
IJDVL Awards 2018
IJDVL Awards 2019
IJDVL Awards 2020
IJDVL International Awards 2018
Images in Clinical Practice
In Memorium
Inaugural Address
Index
Knowledge From World Contemporaries
Leprosy Section
Letter in Response to Previous Publication
Letter to Editor
Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor - Case Letter
Letter to the Editor - Letter in Response to Published Article
LETTER TO THE EDITOR - LETTERS IN RESPONSE TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES
Letter to the Editor - Observation Letter
Letter to the Editor - Study Letter
Letter to the Editor - Therapy Letter
Letter to the Editor: Articles in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters in Response to Previous Publication
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor - Letter in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters to the Editor: Case Letters
Letters to the Editor: Letters in Response to Previously Published Articles
Medicolegal Window
Messages
Miscellaneous Letter
Musings
Net Case
Net case report
Net Image
Net Images
Net Letter
Net Quiz
Net Study
New Preparations
News
News & Views
Obituary
Observation Letter
Observation Letters
Oration
Original Article
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Original Contributions
Pattern of Skin Diseases
Pearls
Pediatric Dermatology
Pediatric Rounds
Perspective
Presedential Address
Presidential Address
Presidents Remarks
Quiz
Recommendations
Regret
Report
Report of chief editor
Report of Hon : Treasurer IADVL
Report of Hon. General Secretary IADVL
Research Methdology
Research Methodology
Resident page
Resident's Page
Resident’s Page
Residents' Corner
Residents' Corner
Residents' Page
Retraction
Review
Review Article
Review Articles
Reviewers 2022
Revision Corner
Self Assessment Programme
SEMINAR
Seminar: Chronic Arsenicosis in India
Seminar: HIV Infection
Short Communication
Short Communications
Short Report
Snippets
Special Article
Specialty Interface
Studies
Study Letter
Study Letters
Supplement-Photoprotection
Supplement-Psoriasis
Symposium - Contact Dermatitis
Symposium - Lasers
Symposium - Pediatric Dermatoses
Symposium - Psoriasis
Symposium - Vesicobullous Disorders
SYMPOSIUM - VITILIGO
Symposium Aesthetic Surgery
Symposium Dermatopathology
Symposium-Hair Disorders
Symposium-Nails Part I
Symposium-Nails-Part II
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
Tables
Technology
Therapeutic Guideline-IADVL
Therapeutic Guidelines
Therapeutic Guidelines - IADVL
Therapeutics
Therapy
Therapy Letter
Therapy Letters
View Point
Viewpoint
What’s new in Dermatology
Generic selectors
Exact matches only
Search in title
Search in content
Post Type Selectors
Search in posts
Search in pages
Filter by Categories
15th National Conference of the IAOMFP, Chennai, 2006
Abstract
Abstracts from current literature
Acne in India: Guidelines for management - IAA Consensus Document
Addendum
Announcement
Art & Psychiatry
Article
Articles
Association Activities
Association Notes
Award Article
Book Review
Brief Report
Case Analysis
Case Letter
Case Letters
Case Notes
Case Report
Case Reports
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
Clinical Article
Clinical Studies
Clinical Study
Commentary
Conference Oration
Conference Summary
Continuing Medical Education
Correspondence
Corrigendum
Cosmetic Dermatology
Cosmetology
Current Best Evidence
Current Issue
Current View
Derma Quest
Dermato Surgery
Dermatopathology
Dermatosurgery Specials
Dispensing Pearl
Do you know?
Drug Dialogues
e-IJDVL
Editor Speaks
Editorial
Editorial Remarks
Editorial Report
Editorial Report - 2007
Editorial report for 2004-2005
Errata
Erratum
Focus
Fourth All India Conference Programme
From Our Book Shelf
From the Desk of Chief Editor
General
Get Set for Net
Get set for the net
Guest Article
Guest Editorial
History
How I Manage?
IADVL Announcement
IADVL Announcements
IJDVL Awards
IJDVL AWARDS 2015
IJDVL Awards 2018
IJDVL Awards 2019
IJDVL Awards 2020
IJDVL International Awards 2018
Images in Clinical Practice
In Memorium
Inaugural Address
Index
Knowledge From World Contemporaries
Leprosy Section
Letter in Response to Previous Publication
Letter to Editor
Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor - Case Letter
Letter to the Editor - Letter in Response to Published Article
LETTER TO THE EDITOR - LETTERS IN RESPONSE TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES
Letter to the Editor - Observation Letter
Letter to the Editor - Study Letter
Letter to the Editor - Therapy Letter
Letter to the Editor: Articles in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters in Response to Previous Publication
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor - Letter in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters to the Editor: Case Letters
Letters to the Editor: Letters in Response to Previously Published Articles
Medicolegal Window
Messages
Miscellaneous Letter
Musings
Net Case
Net case report
Net Image
Net Images
Net Letter
Net Quiz
Net Study
New Preparations
News
News & Views
Obituary
Observation Letter
Observation Letters
Oration
Original Article
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Original Contributions
Pattern of Skin Diseases
Pearls
Pediatric Dermatology
Pediatric Rounds
Perspective
Presedential Address
Presidential Address
Presidents Remarks
Quiz
Recommendations
Regret
Report
Report of chief editor
Report of Hon : Treasurer IADVL
Report of Hon. General Secretary IADVL
Research Methdology
Research Methodology
Resident page
Resident's Page
Resident’s Page
Residents' Corner
Residents' Corner
Residents' Page
Retraction
Review
Review Article
Review Articles
Reviewers 2022
Revision Corner
Self Assessment Programme
SEMINAR
Seminar: Chronic Arsenicosis in India
Seminar: HIV Infection
Short Communication
Short Communications
Short Report
Snippets
Special Article
Specialty Interface
Studies
Study Letter
Study Letters
Supplement-Photoprotection
Supplement-Psoriasis
Symposium - Contact Dermatitis
Symposium - Lasers
Symposium - Pediatric Dermatoses
Symposium - Psoriasis
Symposium - Vesicobullous Disorders
SYMPOSIUM - VITILIGO
Symposium Aesthetic Surgery
Symposium Dermatopathology
Symposium-Hair Disorders
Symposium-Nails Part I
Symposium-Nails-Part II
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
Tables
Technology
Therapeutic Guideline-IADVL
Therapeutic Guidelines
Therapeutic Guidelines - IADVL
Therapeutics
Therapy
Therapy Letter
Therapy Letters
View Point
Viewpoint
What’s new in Dermatology
View/Download PDF

Translate this page into:

Letter to the Editor - Observation Letter
2017:83:1;102-104
doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.191130
PMID: 27679406

Cutaneous toxicity of a new BRAF inhibitor, LGX818 (encorafenib)

Leire Loidi Pascual, Raquel Santesteban Muruzàbal, Maria Laura Álvarez Gigli, Juan Ignacio Yanguas Bayona
 Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain

Correspondence Address:
Leire Loidi Pascual
Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra
Spain
How to cite this article:
Pascual LL, Muruzàbal RS, Gigli ML, Bayona JI. Cutaneous toxicity of a new BRAF inhibitor, LGX818 (encorafenib). Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017;83:102-104
Copyright: (C)2017 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology

Sir,

BRAF geneis mutated in almost 50% of metastatic biopsy specimens, with V600E as the most common mutation (73–91%) followed by V600K (7–20%) and, less commonly, V600D and L597R mutations.[1] It results in the constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Cutaneous toxicity of LGX818 or encorafenib is not well-known, as there are just a few case reports of it in the current literature.

We present a 78-year-old woman with cutaneous malignant melanoma on abdomen in Stage IV. She was being treated with a new BRAF-inhibitor drug (LGX818 or encorafenib). After 2 months, she presented with multiple erythematous and hyperkeratotic papules localized to the trunk and neck, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis [Figure - 1]. Punch biopsy of some of the lesions was performed. Histopathology revealed suprabasal acantholysis with dyskeratosis in all specimens and wart-like lesions [Figure - 2]. These findings were compatible with the diagnosis of Grover-like eruption, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and verrucal keratosis secondary to encorafenib. This diagnosis was made based on the recent development of skin lesions after the introduction of the suspicious drug. Moreover, similar lesions had been reported in the literature with other BRAF inhibitors. After a few months, the patient died because of progression of her disease.

Figure 1a: Multiple erythematous and hyperkeratotic papules localized to the trunk and neck
Figure 1b: Multiple erythematous and hyperkeratotic papules localized to the trunk and neck
Figure 1c: Erythematous and hyperkeratotic papule on the arm
Figure 1d: Plantar hyperkeratosis
Figure 1e: Palmar hyperkeratosis
Figure 2: Histopathology revealed suprabasal acantholysis with dyskeratosis (H and E, ×200)

In general, BRAF inhibitors are well-tolerated drugs but cutaneous toxicity is common because of paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway in wild-type BRAFcells. A spectrum of cutaneous toxicities has widely been reported with both vemurafenib and dabrafenib but encorafenib skin toxicity is not well-known.[2] The former include both benign and malignant lesions such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, verrucal keratosis and plantar hyperkeratosis, Grover disease, hair follicle changes, panniculitis and photosensitivity.

Verrucal keratosis is a term used to describe a keratotic lesion induced by the new generation type 1 RAF inhibitors. These lesions present as hyperkeratotic papules similar to viral warts with papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in the biopsy. The difference is that there are no koilocytes or large keratinohyalin granules in the pathological study.

Plantar hyperkeratosis presents with lesions predominantly at points of friction and blisters are infrequent. Hands are rarely involved. Nevertheless, we saw these types of lesions in our patient.

Grover disease is an acantholytic disorder that presents as several scattered erythematous papules. It predominantly affects trunk and upper arms and sometimes it is pruriginous. The typical finding in histology is the acantholytic dyskeratosis of the epidermis. It has been reported in up to 27% of patients receiving dabrafenib and vemurafenib.[2]

LGX818 (encorafenib) is a highly potent BRAF inhibitor under development for BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Initial results of a phase Ib study were reported in the 2013 ASCO annual meeting.[3] Its toxicity profile appears to be similar to those of vemurafenib and dabrafenib, with nausea, vomiting and headache being the most common adverse events. There were no cutaneous side effects in this report. After that, Anforth et al.[4] reported a case of bilateral plantar hyperkeratosis, verrucal keratosis, Grover's disease on chest and abdomen and eruptive nevi on the back, chest and legs in a 61-year-old man with metastatic melanoma, after 2 months of taking this drug. This case was similar to our patient. In addition, a 43-year-old man with metastatic melanoma receiving treatment with the combination of binimetinib and encorafenib who developed an erythema nodosum-like panniculitis has been reported.[5]

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

References
1.
Hall RD, Kudchadkar RR. BRAF mutations: Signaling, epidemiology, and clinical experience in multiple malignancies. Cancer Control 2014;21:221-30.
[Google Scholar]
2.
Anforth R, Fernandez-Peñas P, Long GV. Cutaneous toxicities of RAF inhibitors. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e11-8.
[Google Scholar]
3.
Dummer R, Robert C, Nyakas M, McArthur GA, Kudchadkar RR, Gomez-Roca C, et al. Initial results from a phase I, open-label, dose escalation study of the oral BRAF inhibitor LGX818 in patients with BRAF V600 mutant advanced or metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;:suppl. [Abstr 9028].
[Google Scholar]
4.
Anforth RM, Carlos GR, Scolyer RA, Chou S, Fernandez-Peñas P. Eruptive naevi in a patient treated with LGX818 for BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res 2015;25:91-4.
[Google Scholar]
5.
Galliker NA, Murer C, Kamarashev J, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. Clinical observation of panniculitis in two patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma treated with a combination of a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor. Eur J Dermatol 2015;25:177-80.
[Google Scholar]

Fulltext Views
1,867

PDF downloads
1,365
Show Sections